The Content of Breast Milk and the Challenges Experienced by Breastfeeding Mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Every postpartum mother is recommended to breastfeed her baby because breast milk is the main need of newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on life in various aspects, including on the breastfeeding mothers, especially if they suffer from COVID-19 infection. Aim: The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence regarding potential virus transmission and antibody transfer through breastmilk and the experiences of mothers related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy involved the use of keywords related to COVID-19 and breastfeeding in PubMed and Science Direct databases. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Breastfeeding has been recommended to be continued during the pandemic due to the benefits associated with it and the absence of sufficient evidence for transmission of COVID-19 infection through breast milk. During the lockdown period, there was a change in breastfeeding patterns, although most mothers believed that breastfeeding should be continued. Anxiety and lack of support affected breastfeeding practices. Breastfeeding mothers reported a dilemmatic situation. They felt protected because of the lockdown policy but also struggled to get support from their social environment. The impact varied in terms of stopping breastfeeding practice altogether, breastfeeding irregularly, and even giving formula milk. Conclusion: Adherence to health protocols can reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection through breastfeeding from mother to baby. Support from the family and the environment is needed to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding practice. © 2022 Kurniawati et al.

Medical education versus exposure to SARS CoV-2: How is the achievement of doctor resident competence in the field of urogynecology?

The spread of SARS CoV-2 impacts medical education. Patients with urogynecological cases are mostly elderly patients who are at risk of exposure to the virus. This paper aims to review resident education in the urogynecology field during the pandemic and how residents can achieve appropriate competence. This study examines the views of several previous research articles and then compiled them into a narrative review. New recommendations such as services at health facilities, as well as scheduled visits or virtual services, have made an impact on reducing the number of cases, limited contact with patients, and virus exposure from practice locations, online learning, and the involvement of resident doctors in handling SARS CoV-2 case for other units. Resident doctors need to achieve competence to become professionals in their fields. What needs to be realized is that direct practice with patients, conducting examinations, making diagnoses, and providing therapy with real cases cannot be replaced with online learning. Medical education for residents must ensure safety in obtaining education and practice in the hospital to fulfill the task of caring for patients, access to mental health in a pandemic, and simulation-based training. All of these interventions are designed to ensure that the competence of graduates achieved before or during COVID-19 is the same: doctors who are professional and competent in their fields. © 2021, Social Medicine Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Examination and treatment scenario in urogynecology case during covid-19 pandemic: A review

The number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase therefore health services in hospitals must adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the services that must be affected is urogynecology services. This study aims to examine scenarios in the examination and treatment of patients with urogynecological cases in hospitals during a pandemic. A non-systematic review examines several scientific articles related to recommendations. The articles were searched through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords “urogynecology patient” or “hospital” or “treatment” or “urogynecology care” and “COVID-19”. Data is arranged in the form of scenarios and narrative reviews. The scenario carried out is telemedicine, except for certain severe cases, so one must go to the hospital with a record of patient protection against COVID-19. It is possible to use online to prevent the accumulation of patients in the hospital. Management emphasizes non-surgical solutions such as lifestyle, nutritional patterns, behavioral concepts, and periodic drug administration. Implementation is carried out with preconditions, namely patient safety, an integrated system related to payment and prescription of drugs. Things that need to be underlined in telemedicine governance are the need for adequate counseling and good cooperation between doctors and patients because this will affect diagnosis and management. This effort makes it possible to break the chain of infection in urogynecology services and the need for further research related to a complete and comprehensive application system.

Considering role of probiotic on respiratory disease: Is probiotic possible to treat covid-19?

Background: COVID-19 is a new variant of the corona virus known as a pandemic disease. The number of cases has increased every day around the world. Unfortunately, treatment in management has not been satisfactory. Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of probiotics in respiratory disease and the possibility of managing COVID-19 through an analysis of its function. Method: This study is a review. Quality journals until 2020 were searched in the Pubmed database for the keywords ‘respiratory’ or ‘asthma’ or ‘pneumonia’ or ‘lung’ or ‘influenza’ and ‘COVID-19’. Compiled data includesthe author, type of study, type of probiotic, duration of intervention, target population, results, conclusion and side effects that occurred Results: We analyzed 9 experimental studies. Some studies related to respiratory disorders used the Lactobacillus Sp as probiotic. One research used Fructooligosacharide as additional ingredient. The research use different doses and timing of interventions 14 days-6 months. The diseases covered in this report are asthma, pneumonia, and influenza. Probiotics can reduce symptomps, duration in hospitality risk, and quality of life. Conclusion: The ability of probiotics in the management of respiratory diseases provides hope for the management of COVID-19, of course, it is balanced with further research that is able to analyze clear dosages, types and roles.